Master Plant List & Availability
Green Denotes Currently
Available
| Botanical Name | Common Name | Notes | Zones | Height | Spread | unavailable |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acer buergeranum | Trident Maple | This small, decorative tree produces rich, dark green summer foliage. Drought tolerant but likes well-drained, acidic soil. | 5-9 | 20-30' | 15 - 25' | |
| Acer campestre | Hedge Maple | Tolerant of a wide range of soils; however, grows best in clay loam soil and does not like continually wet soil. | 4-7 | 30-50' | 20-30' | |
| Acer campestre 'Evelyn' | Queen Elizabeth Maple | This is an upright selection of the Hedge Maple. The handsome rounded-lobed foliage makes an attractive, tough, small tree. | 5-7 | 35' | 30' | yes |
| Acer ginnala 'Flame' | Amur Flame Maple (Std, M-S) | Tolerates most soils but does best in fertile soil. Red-orange fruit can be showy in mid-spring. Produces interesting "character" branching habit. | 3-8 | 15-20' | 15' | |
| Acer ginnala 'Mondy' | Red Rhapsody Amur Maple (Std, M-S) | More consistent fall color in alkaline soils than Acer ginnala 'Flame'. | 2-8 | 20' | 15' | |
| Acer negundo 'Sensation' | Sensation Box Elder | This Box Elder is a male clone with improved branch structure and a slower growth rate than Acer negundo. An outstanding autumn foliage display. Males have no Box Elder beetles! | 2-7 | 30' | 25' | yes |
| Acer rubrum 'Autumn Flame' | Autumn Flame Maple | One of first Red Maples to color. Good symmetrical growth. This is a nice Red Maple for southern regions. | 5-8 | 35' | 35' | |
| Acer rubrum 'Autumn Radiance' | Autumn Radiance Maple | Upright rounded form with strong branching. Drought tolerant with red fall color and moderate growth rate. | 4-9 | 50' | 50' | |
| Acer rubrum 'Autumn Spire' | Autumn Spire Maple | This hardy Red Maple has an upright form that produces consistent bright red fall color. This is a great northern tree. | 3-6 | 50' | 25' | yes |
| Acer rubrum 'Brandywine' | Brandywine Maple | This tree has a compact, oval-rounded crown. It has an attractive deep red fall color 10 days later than most Red Maples. Good for the south. | 4-8 | 40-60' | 20'-40' | yes |
| Acer rubrum 'Fairview Flame' | Fairview Flame Maple | This tree has an oval-rounded canopy with an excellent red to scarlet fall color. | 4-8 | 40-60' | 35' | yes |
| Acer rubrum 'Magnificent Magenta' | Burgundy Belle Red Maple | Resistant to long periods of summer heat. In the fall, this tree has a persistent red color turning to burgundy. | 4-8 | 45' | 40' | |
| Acer rubrum 'October Glory' | October Glory Maple | Takes southern heat better than other rubrum varieties. This is a great Red Maple selection for the south. | 4b-10 | 40' | 35' | |
| Acer rubrum 'Red Sunset' | Red Sunset Maple | A great Red Maple with dependable fall color. One of the best Red Maple cultivars. | 4-9 | 45' | 35' | |
| Acer rubrum 'Somerset' | Somerset Red Maple | Cross between October Glory and Autumn Flame. Excellent form and consistent bright red fall color. | 4-9 | 40' | 35' | |
| Acer rubrum 'Sun Valley' | Sun Valley Red Maple | Cross between Red Sunset and Autumn Flame. Uniform, dense head. | 4-9 | 40' | 30' | |
| Acer saccharum 'Autumn Splender' | Autumn Splender Caddo Maple | Oklahoma seed source with thick, glossy leaves from Kansas State trials in Wichita. This clone offers consistent fall color. | 4-8 | 30' | 25' | yes |
| Acer saccharum 'Caddo' | Caddo Sugar Maple | Likes hot, dry conditions in the summer. Best in non-irrigated lawns and likes drought soil conditions in late summer. | 4-8 | 30' | 25' | yes |
| Acer saccharum 'Fall Fiesta' | Fall Fiesta Sugar Maple | Sturdy and compact when young. Matures to become a full specimen with orange, red and yellow fall color. | 4-8 | 50' | 40' | |
| Acer saccharum 'Green Mountain' | Green Mountain Sugar Maple | A heat tolerant Suger Maple that performs well in dry, restricted growing areas. | 4-8 | 70' | 45' | |
| Acer saccharum 'John Pair' | John Pair Caddo Maple | Oklahoma seed source with thick glossy leaves from Kansas State trials in Wichita. Consistent fall color. | 4-8 | 30' | 25' | yes |
| Acer tataricum | Taterian Maple | Tolerant of adverse conditions like Acer ginnala but more pH tolerant. | 3-7 | 25' | 20' | |
| Acer tataricum 'Hotwings' | Hotwings Taterian Maple | This tree has a graceful, upright spreading habit. It is tolerant of alkalinity and dry conditions. Bright red samara fruit in summer is its claim to fame! | 3-8 | 20-25' | 15-20' | yes |
| Acer tataricum 'Patdell' | Pattern Perfect Maple | Recognized for a strong central leader. It has a large leaf and very shallow lobes. These trees are very consistent and have a uniform reddish-orange fall color. | 3-8 | 20' | 15-20' | yes |
| Acer truncatum | Shantung Maple (Std, M-S) | Takes variable soils and is drought tolerant, a very "tough" tree. Quick grower at a young age and likes the heat of the summer. | 4-9 | 30-50' | 20-40' | |
| Acer truncatum x A. platanoides 'Keithsform' | Norwegian Sunset Maple | Cross between Shantung and Norway Maple. Has good branch structure with lustrous, deep green leaves that yield to great fall color. | 5-9 | 35' | 25' | |
| Acer truncatum x A. platanoides 'Warrenred' | Pacific Sunset Maple | Branch structure is a bit finer than the Norwegian Sunset Maple. Also, this species colors earlier and is a little brighter as well. | 5-9 | 30' | 25' | |
| Acer x freemanii 'Armstrong' | Armstrong Maple | Grows in a wide range of conditions. Makes a great street tree with beautiful fall color. | 4-9 | 45' | 15' | |
| Acer x freemanii 'Celzam' | Celebration Maple | All Acer x freemanii cultivar take high pH's. | 3-9 | 45' | 20' | yes |
| Acer x freemanii 'DTR 102' | Autumn Fantasy Maple (Std, M-S) | May be more drought tolerant than Autumn Blaze. Has late leaf-out in spring and great fall color. | 3-8 | 50' | 40 | |
| Acer x freemanii 'Jeffersred' | Autumn Blaze Maple | Similar to Red Maple in adaptation. A cross between Acer rubrum and Acer saccharinum. Has great fall color. | 3-8 | 50' | 40' | |
| Acer x freemanii 'Scarsen' | Scarlet Sentinel Maple | This Maple's upright habit makes it a great street tree. | 4-9 | 40' | 20' | yes |
| Amelanchier canadensis M-S | Shadblow Serviceberry Multi-stem | This multi-stemmed, clump-type tree is native to the eastern U.S. and is tolerant of wet soils. | 3-7 | 15-25' | Variable | yes |
| Amelanchier laevis M-S | Allegheny Serviceberry Multi-stem | Slow grower in prairie states with bronze colored leaves in fall. 4" panicles of white flowers are followed by edible, sweet, purple-black fruit in late spring. | 4-8 | 25' | 15' | yes |
| Amelanchier x grandiflora 'Autumn Brilliance' | Autumn Brilliance Serviceberry (Std, M-S) | Fall color is nice with showy white flowers in spring. A very beautiful tree! | 4-8 | 20' | 15' | |
| Amelanchier x grandiflora 'Forest Prince' | Forest Prince Serviceberry | White flowers in spring with dark green foliage. Red edible fruit in the summer and a red-orange fall foliage color. | 4-7 | 20' | 15' | |
| Amelanchier x grandiflora 'Princess Diana' | Princess Diana Serviceberry | A gracefully spreading small tree with excellent fall color. Fall foilage is brilliant red, coloring early and lasting late in the season. | 3-8 | 20' | 15' | |
| Amelanchier x grandiflora 'Robin Hill' | Robin Hill Serviceberry | Compact and broadly upright with white flowers and pink tinged buds in spring. | 4-9 | 25' | 15' | yes |
| Aronia arbutifolia 'Brilliantissima' | Brilliant Red Chokeberry (Std, M-S) | Great patio tree with waxy, dark green leaves, bright red fall color, and small red fruit. Tends to sucker. | 5-8 | 10' | 8' | yes |
| Betula nigra | River Birch (Std, M-S) | Native to stream banks and wet locations. Some seasons produce bright yellow fall color. | 2-9 | 50-60' | 30-40' | yes |
| Betula nigra Dura-Heat | Dura-Heat River Birch (Std, M-S) | More heat and drought tolerant than other species. Smaller and thicker leaves hold up well to hot summer winds with less leaf drop. | 4-9 | 30-50' | 25-35' | |
| Betula nigra 'Heritage' | Heritage River Birch (Std, M-S) | Near white bark with larger, more glossy dark green leaves than straight Betula nigra. Also, less prone to leaf spot. | 4-9 | 40-60' | 30-40' | |
| Betula platnoides x 'Royal Frost' | Royal Frost Birch | This tree is an improved red-leaved birch that is a hybrid cross between Betula platyphylla szech x pendula 'Purpurea' & Betula populifolia. Has a white bark with cinnamon hues. | 4-7 | 30-40' | 15-20' | yes |
| Betula platyphylla szech x pend. 'Purpurea' | Crimson Frost Birch | Crimson red leaves. May be less heat tolerant in southern regions. | 4-7 | 40' | 30' | yes |
| Calocedrus decurrens | Incense Cedar | An adaptable, easy to grow, formal shaped evergreen with rich green, fragrant foliage. Heat and drought tolerant. | 5-8 | 20' | 10' | |
| Carpinus betulus 'Fastigiata' | Pyramidal European Hornbeam | This medium sized tree is columnar when young, becoming rounded-oval shape with age. Tolerant of drought, but not hot, dry winds. Makes for an effective screen or street tree. 2004 Tree of Merit. | 5-7 | 30-40' | 15-20' | |
| Carpinus betulus 'Frans Fontaine' | Frans Fontaine Hornbeam | This is the narrowest form of the species. Provides dense shade and grows in most soils; however, does best in well drained soils with no hot, dry winds. | 5-8 | 35' | 15' | |
| Catalpa x erubescens 'Purpurea' | Purple Catalpa | This cultivar has purple leaves on new growth in the spring that fades into medium green in late spring. | 5-8 | 50' | 35-45' | yes |
| Celtis 'Magnifica' | Magnifica Hackberry | Cross between C. laevigata and C. occidentalis but with better pest resistance and no nipple gaul on leaves. Very tough tree! | 5-9 | 50' | 45' | yes |
| Celtis occidentalis | Common Hackberry | A tough tree with mature branch structure that produces a great winter silhouette. Adaptable to a wide range of soils. | 3-9 | 50' | 45' | |
| Cercis canadensis | Eastern Redbud (Std, M-S) | Spring beckons with the pink blossoms of this superior native American beauty. Use as an under-story tree. | 4-9 | 25' | 20' | |
| Cercis canadensis 'Alba' | Whitebud | Small ornamental tree with heart shaped leaves. Has showy white flowers in spring. | 5-9 | 25' | 30' | yes |
| Cercis canadensis 'Covey' | Lavender Twist Redbud | Weeping and compact with magenta buds that open into rosy pink flowers in spring. | 5-9 | 7' | 8' | |
| Cercis canadensis 'Forest Pansy' | Forest Pansy Redbud | The thin purple leaves of this Redbud make it somewhat susceptible to scorch. Best used as an under-story tree. | 5-9 | 20' | 20' | |
| Cercis canadensis 'Mexicana' | Mexican Redbud | Smaller and more drought tolerant than the Texas Redbud. Needs well drained soils. Has a smaller, glossier, wavy edged leaf. | 5-9 | 15' | 15' | |
| Cercis canadensis var. texensis (Oklahoma) | Oklahoma Redbud (Std, M-S) | Thick glossy leaves resist summer leaf tatter. More drought tolerant than C. canadensis. Great wine-red flowers stand out amongst other Redbuds. | 6b-9 | 25' | 20' | |
| Cercis canadensis var. texensis (Oklahoma-White) | Oklahoma Whitebud | Thick glossy leaves resist summer leaf tatter. More drought tolerant than Cercis canadensis. White flowers in spring. | 6b-9 | 25' | 20' | |
| Cercis chinensis 'Avondale' | Avondale Chinese Redbud (Std, M-S) | Heavy flowers and large leaves provide a coarse visual texture. | 6-9 | 12' | 12' | |
| Cercis reniformis 'Texas White' | Texas Whitebud | More heat and drought tolerant than straight species. Has white spring flowers. | 6b-9 | 25' | 20' | |
| Cercis reniformis 'Texensis' | Texas Redbud (Std, M-S) | More heat and drought tolerant than straight species. Has red spring flowers. | 6b-9 | 25' | 20' | |
| Chilopsis linearis | Desert Willow (Std, M-S) | Drought tolerant and takes poor soils; however, needs good drainage. Showy trumpet shaped flowers in the summer. | 6-9 | 15-30' | 15-25' | yes |
| Chilopsis linearis 'Burgundy' | Burgundy Desert Willow (Std, Clump) | Drought tolerant and takes poor soils. Needs good drainage. Showy burgundy flowers in the summer. Not for heavily irrigated locations. | 6-10 | 15-20' | 15-20' | yes |
| Chilopsis linearis 'Monhews' | Timeless Beauty Desert Willow | This tree is an essentially seedless cultivar that blooms over a much longer season than other Desert Willows. Not for heavily irrigated locations. | 6-10 | 15-20' | 15-20' | yes |
| Chiltalpa tashkentensis 'Morning Cloud' | Morning Cloud Chitalpa | Very drought tolerant. Cross between Catalpa bignonioides and Chilopsis linearis. Takes the best features of both parents. | 6-10 | 15-25' | 15-20' | yes |
| Chiltalpa tashkentensis M-S | Chiltalpa Multi-stem | This tree makes for a great ornamental shade and patio tree. It is drought and heat tolerant. | 6-10 | 15-20' | 15-20' | yes |
| Chiltalpa tashkentensis 'Pink Dawn' | Pink Dawn Chitalpa | This tree will grow in just about any soil. It possesses beautiful pink flowers that are persistent throughout summer. | 6-10 | 15-20' | 15-20' | yes |
| Cladustris kentukea | Yellowwood | Combines the snow-white flowers of the Black Locust, and the smooth, gray bark of the Beech with the vase-like form of the American Elm. | 3-8 | 30' | 40' | yes |
| Cotinus coggygria 'Grace' clump | Grace Smoketree Clump | New growth is very nice and lasts well into summer. Produces a unique shade of bright, copper red foliage. Beautiful! | 5-8 | 15' | 15' | |
| Cotinus coggygria 'Nordine Red' clump | Nordine Red Smoketree Clump | Purple-red leaf color with good retention throughout the season. | 5-8 | 15' | 15' | yes |
| Cotinus coggygria 'Purpureus' clump | Purple Smoketree Clump | Drought tolerant. Flowers in late summer and an airy, feathery appearance that covers the plant in clouds of smoke. | 3-9 | 12-18' | 10-12' | yes |
| Cotinus coggygria 'Royal Purple' clump | Royal Purple Smoketree Clump | Foliage emerges dark purple and may darken to near black. Does not fade in the summer. | 6-8 | 15' | 15' | yes |
| Cotinus coggygria 'Velvet Cloak' clump | Velvet Cloak Smoketree Clump | Intense, striking purple leaves hold color well in summer. Fall color is often a spectacular reddish-purple. | 5-8 | 15' | 15' | |
| Cotinus obovatus | American Smoketree (Std, M-S) | Spring leaves emerge bronze to purple. The smokey spring flowers and brilliant fall color combine to make this tree highly ornamental. | 4-8 | 20-30' | 15-25' | |
| Crataegus ambigua | Russian Hawthorn | This tree has a resistance to cedar-apple rust and deserves more attention for its beautiful, somewhat irregular branching habit. | 4-8 | 15-18' | 18-20' | |
| Crataegus crusgalli 'Inermis' | Thornless Cockspur Hawthorn (Std, Clump) | Great foliage without thorns; however, can be effected by cedar apple rust. | 4-9 | 25-30' | 25-30' | |
| Crataegus crusgalli inermis 'Cruzam' | Crusader Hawthorn | Great foliage without thorns. May be more disease resistant than straight 'Inermis'. | 4-7 | 15' | 12' | |
| Crataegus phaenopyrum | Washington Hawthorn (Std, Clump) | Most disease resistant of the Hawthorns. Persistent red fruit produces great winter show which wildlife welcome. | 4-9 | 25-30' | 20-25' | |
| Cupressocyparis leylandii | Leyland Cypress | Semi-formal, columnar form which is great for windbreaks or screens. Tolerant of most soils. | 5-9 | 60' | 15' | |
| Diospyros kaki 'Fuyu' | Fuyu Persimmon | Fruit is edible two weeks after first hard freeze. | 7-10 | 30' | 22' | yes |
| Diospyros kaki 'Hachiya' | Hachiya Oriental Persimmon | This tree is prized for its foliage and fruit. It likes good drainage but tolerates heavy clay also. | 7-9 | 25' | 25' | yes |
| Diospyros virginiana | Common Persimmon | This very tough tree will grow in a wide range of conditions. | 4-9 | 50' | 25' | yes |
| Euonymous bungeana | Winterberry | Showy pink fruit will remain on tree after leaves drop. Tough tree adapted to southern prairie states. A very nice, little known, small tree. | 4-8 | 20' | 12' | |
| Evodia daniellii | Korean Evodia | Good small tree with interesting summer foliage, flower, and fruit characteristics. | 4-8 | 25-30' | 30-35' | yes |
| Fraxinus americana 'Autumn Purple' | Autumn Purple White Ash (Std, M-S) | The standard for Ash with great purple fall color. Likes all soils except heavy and wet. Seedless and has early fall color. | 4-9 | 45' | 40' | yes |
| Fraxinus americana 'Chicago Regal' | Chicago Regal Ash | Good uniform branching is part of the attraction to this tree along with its foliage. | 4-9 | 45' | 35' | yes |
| Fraxinus americana 'Skycole' | Skyline Ash | Strong symmetrical branching with a good central leader provides for a low maintenance tree. | 4-9 | 45' | 35' | yes |
| Fraxinus pennsylvanica 'Cimmzam' | Cimmaron Ash | Somewhat narrow when young with upright branches. | 3-9 | 50' | 30' | yes |
| Fraxinus pennsylvanica 'Marshall' | Marshall Ash | A tough and adaptable tree proven over the years. | 3-9 | 50' | 40' | yes |
| Fraxinus pennsylvanica 'National 1999' | Champ Tree Green Ash | Propagated vegetatively from a national champion tree in southwest Michigan. Excellent form and glossy foliage. | 4 | 55' | 40' | yes |
| Fraxinus pennsylvanica 'Oconee' | Georgia Gem | This rapid growing tree is heat tolerant and for southern regions. | 6-9 | 50' | 35' | yes |
| Fraxinus pennsylvanica 'Patmore' | Patmore Green Ash (Std, M-S) | This extremely hardy green Ash produces symmetrical growth habits. | 2-8 | 45' | 35' | yes |
| Fraxinus pennsylvanica 'Rugby' | Prairie Spire Ash | This upright-formed tree produces a dense foliage habit. | 3-8 | 45' | 20' | yes |
| Fraxinus pennsylvanica 'Urbanite' | Urbanite Green Ash | A tough tree for southern regions with less disease pressure. Thick leaves hold up well to drying winds. | 5-9 | 50' | 40' | yes |
| Fraxinus quadrangulata | Blue Ash | This Ash makes a nice, large shade tree. It thrives in full sun and is particularly tolerant of limestone soils and drought. | 4-8 | 50-70' | 40-50' | yes |
| Fraxinus texensis | Texas Ash | Holds fall color longer than most all other Ashes. No borer problems in native ranges of the southwest. | 4-8 | 50' | 40' | yes |
| Ginkgo biloba | Ginkgo | A great, tough tree with bright yellow fall color. | 4-8 | 80' | 40' | yes |
| Ginkgo biloba 'Autumn Gold' | Autumn Gold Ginkgo | A great selection of Ginkgo, which offers a striking, clear, yellow fall color. | 3-8 | 45' | 35' | yes |
| Ginkgo biloba 'Princeton Sentry' | Princeton Sentry Ginkgo | The upright form of this tree adds an excellent architectural element. | 4-8 | 40' | 15' | yes |
| Ginkgo biloba 'Shangri-la' | Shangri-la Ginkgo | Uniform growth habit produces denser branching than is typical of the species. | 4-8 | 45' | 25' | yes |
| Gleditsia triacanthos 'Impcole' | Imperial Honeylocust | This is a well-balanced and small tree that produces dense shade. | 4-9 | 35' | 35' | |
| Gleditsia triacanthos 'Shademaster' | Shademaster Honeylocust | Upright form provides light shade. Also good for street plantings and has tough legumes. | 4-8 | 45' | 35' | |
| Gleditsia triacanthos 'Skycole' | Skyline Honeylocust | This well-behaved form has great environmental tolerance. | 4-8 | 45' | 35' | |
| Gleditsia triacanthos 'Suncole' | Golden Honeylocust | Has bright spring and summer flush of golden leaflets that fade to green. More open than other Honeylocust. | 4-8 | 40' | 35' | |
| Gymnocladus dioica | Kentucky Coffee Tree | Few branches when young & ice damage resistant. Nice, coarse branch structure with large compound leaves. Teach patience with this Native American beauty when young & gainly. | 4-8 | 60' | 30' | |
| Gymnocladus diocia 'Expresso' | Expresso Kentucky Coffee Tree | A seedless selection with improved branching at a younger age. Good tolerance of heat, drought and cold. | 4-8 | 50' | 35' | |
| Ilex decidua 'Warren's Red' | Warren's Red Holly | Small tree with excellent summer foliage and glossy red fruit that persists through winter after leaves fall. Berries provide a welcome meal for birds in winter. Striking! | 4-8 | 25' | 20' | |
| Ilex x attenuata | Fosters Holly | More tolerant than American Holly (light, soil, moisture) with similar features. Has red berries on rich evergreen leaves. | 6-9 | 25' | 12' | |
| Ilex x 'Nellie R. Stevens' | Nellie R. Stevens Holly | Showy red berries 1/4" round in late fall and winter against glossy, dark green leaves. This tough Holly does not like continual wet feet. | 7-9 | 15-35' | 10-20' | |
| Juniperus chinensis 'Blue Point' | Blue Point Juniper | Pyramidal evergreen with blue-green, dense foilage. A moderate grower that is drought tolerant once established. | 4-9 | 12' | 8' | |
| Koelreuteria paniculata | Panicled Goldenrain Tree (Std, Clump) | Drought tolerant once established. Box Elder beetle can be a nuisance. Plant away from structures. | 5-9 | 30' | 25' | yes |
| Lagerstroemia indica 'Whit II' M-S | Dynamite Crapemyrtle Multi-stem | This cultivar roots and transplants with great ease. It is a vigorous, upright grower with powdery mildew in only extreme conditions. | 6-10 | 15-20' | 15' | yes |
| Lagerstroemia indica 'Whit III' M-S | Pink Velour Crapemyrtle Multi-stem | Cold hardy up to -5 to -8 degrees Fahrenheit. If top is killed by cold, regrowth is vigorous. Highly resistant to powdery mildew. | 6-10 | 10-20' | 8-10' | yes |
| Lagerstroemia indica 'Whit IV' M-S | Red Rocket Crapemyrtle Multi-stem | Flowers best in full sun. Highly resistant to powdery mildew. New leaves in spring are reminiscent of Red Tip Photinia. | 6-10 | 20' | 10-15' | yes |
| Liquidamber styraciflua 'Ward' | Cherokee Sweetgum | Good shape, leaf colors and limited fruit production make this a wonderful selection. | 5-9 | 50-60' | 30 | yes |
| Liquidamber styraciflua 'Worplesdon' | Worplesdon Sweetgum | Tight pyramidal form keeps with age of tree. Unique lobbed leaves. | 6-9 | 40' | 25' | yes |
| Liriodendron tulipifera | Tulip Tree | Prefers good growing conditions and deep loam soils with adequate moisture throughout the year. Not for street planting. Seed progeny effects cold hardiness. | 4-8 | 100' | 70' | yes |
| Liriodendron tulipifera 'Fastigiatum' | Columnar Tulip Tree | A smaller top than the straight species but with a great, tight, columnar form. | 5-9 | 50' | 15' | yes |
| Maclura pomifera 'Whiteshield' | Whiteshield Osage Orange | This variety has no fruit and no thorns even at a young age. Great performer in western landscapes. Orange colored wood is decay resistant and very tough! | 5-9 | 50' | 30' | |
| Magnolia grandiflora 'Alta' | Alta Magnolia | This tree is easy to transplant and would make an excellent evergreen screen. | 6-9 | 40' | 20-30' | yes |
| Magnolia grandiflora 'Braken's Brown Beauty' | Braken's Beauty Magnolia | Moderate growing, pyramidal evergreen with dark green foliage and showy white flowers. | 5-9 | 40' | 25' | |
| Magnolia grandiflora 'Edith Bogue' | Edith Bogue Magnolia | This tree is a more cold hardy selection of the Magnolia grandiflora. Selected from Mrs. Bogue's New Jersey garden after surviving a harsh winter that killed all other Magnolias. | 6-9 | 60-80' | 30-40' | |
| Magnolia stellata 'Royal Star' | Royal Star Magnolia | Upright spreading shrub, rounded, with yellow fall color. Deciduous | 5-9 | 10' | 20' | |
| Magnolia virginiana | Sweetbay Magnolia | Excellent for a small patio tree with fragrant flowers. | 5-9 | 20+' | 15' | yes |
| Malus | Flowering Crabapple | There are several species and hybrid in the Crabapple group. They adapt pretty well to most conditions; however, they can be susceptible to SCAB, CEDAR APPLE RUST, POWDERY MILDEW and FIRE BLIGHT, which may reduce the trees life span. | ||||
| Malus 'Cascole' | White Cascade Crabapple | A graceful white weeper with small yellow fruit. | 4-8 | 15' | 15' | yes |
| Malus 'Coralcole' | Coralburst Crabapple | A slow growing, top grafted Crab with dense branching. Looks great! | 4-8 | 15' | 15' | |
| Malus 'Donald Wyman' | Donald Wyman Crabapple | Clean, glossy foliage throughout the summer with some of the most persistent fruit for a Crab. | 4-8 | 20' | 24' | yes |
| Malus 'Floribunda' | Floribunda Crabapple | Nice winter silhouette produced from this old variety. A proven tree over the years. | 4-8 | 18' | 25' | yes |
| Malus 'Huber' | Royal Fountain Crabapple | Graceful weeping habit with good branch development at an early age. | 4-8 | 15' | 15' | yes |
| Malus ioensis 'Prairie Rose' | Prairie Rose Crabapple | Large and fragrant double pink flowers that bear no fruit; thus, no fruit litter. | 4-8 | 20' | 18' | yes |
| Malus 'JFS-KW5' | Royal Raindrops Crabapple | This offspring of the Goldenraindrop has improved disease resistance with purple characteristics. | 4-8 | 20' | 15' | |
| Malus 'Louisa' | Louisa Crabapple | This pink flowered weeping form has dark green, glossy foliage. | 4-8 | 15' | 15' | yes |
| Malus 'Parrsi' | Pink Princes Crabapple | Naturally dwarfed tree with all the features of the Sargent Crab but with pink flowers and purple-bronze foliage. | 5-8 | 8' | 12' | yes |
| Malus 'Prairifire' | Prairifire Crabapple | Perhaps the best red-leafed Crab. Long lasting flowers, excellent fruit, attractive reddish bark, and excellent disease resistance. | 4-8 | 20' | 20' | |
| Malus 'Purple Prince' | Purple Prince Crabapple | A great rose flower show is followed by purple-bronze foliage and maroon fruit. | 4-8 | 20' | 20' | yes |
| Malus 'Robinson' | Robinson Crabapple | Perhaps the fastest growing Crab that makes a quick impact in the landscape; matures at 25'. | 4-8 | 25' | 25' | |
| Malus 'Royalty' | Royalty Crabapple | Rivals Purple Leaf Plum for summer foliage color and flowers almost the same color. | 4-8 | 15' | 15' | yes |
| Malus sargentii | Sargent Crabapple (Std, M-S) | The horizontal branches of this dwarf Crab have a neat effect. Great when planted in groupings. | 5-8 | 8' | 12' | yes |
| Malus sargentii 'Select A' | Firebird Crabapple | This tree is extremely disease resistant. Fruit is more persistent than other naturally dwarfed Crabapples. | 4-8 | 8' | 10' | yes |
| Malus sargentii 'Tina' | Sargent Tina Crabapple | This tree has an excellent disease resistance. It is also the most petite of the Crabapples. | 4-8 | 5' | 6' | yes |
| Malus 'Snowdrift' | Snowdrift Crabapple | Uniform branch development creates a formal, symmetrical Crab. | 4-8 | 20' | 20' | yes |
| Malus 'Spring Snow' | Spring Snow Crabapple | Sterile, pure white flowers produce no fruit, which makes this a good selection for patios or courtyards. | 4-8 | 25' | 22' | |
| Malus 'Thunderchild' | Thunderchild Crabapple | This tree has a good resistance to disease and is extremely hardy. Thunderchild features single delicate pink blooms, followed by deep purple leaves. It has a compact, upright, and spreading shape. | 4-8 | 20' | 15' | yes |
| Malus transitoria 'Schmidtcutleaf' | Goldenraindrops Crabapple | Unique foliage creates a fine texture and helps contrast the golden yellow fruit. | 3-8 | 20' | 15' | yes |
| Malus 'Velvet Pillar' | Velvet Pillar Crabapple | A tight upright with purple foilage and pink flowers. | 4-8 | 20' | 14' | |
| Metasequoia glyptostroboides | Dawn Redwood | Considered to be a living fossil because it was discovered in fossil records before it was found in nature. Similar to Bald Cypress in form and character. | 5-9 | 80' | 30' | yes |
| Metasequoia glyptostroboides 'Gold Rush' | Gold Rush Redwood | A cultivar that features soft, feathery fern like foilage that is golden-yellow throughout the summer. Slow grower. | 4-8 | 70' | 20' | |
| Parrotia persica | Persian Parrotia | This tree is highly valued for its brilliant fall color and early flowers. Not many small trees have such identifiable characteristics as the Parrotia. It can be small, multi-branched, wide spreading tree. | 5-8 | 20-40' | 15-30' | yes |
| Pinus bungeana | Lacebark Pine | A slow growing conifer that has exfoliating bark like a sycamore. Medium to dark green needles with small, yellowish-brown cones. | 4-8 | 50' | 50' | |
| Pinus eldarica | Afghan Pine | A fast grower that tolerates drought and alkaline soil. A denser more erect shape with dark green needles. | 5-8 | 40-50' | 15-30' | |
| Pinus elliotti | Slash Pine | Takes moist and dry soil conditions and is pH tolerant. Lower limbs naturally shed with age, leaving room for under-story plants. | 7-10 | 80-100' | 30-40' | yes |
| Pinus flexillis 'Vanderwolf's Pyramid' | Vanderwolf's Pyramid Pine | A viguorous upright with nice blue-green foilage. | 2-7 | 20' | 15' | |
| Pinus nigra | Austrian Pine | Cold hardy, tough and adaptable. Broadly pyramidal to rounded. | 4-10 | 40-60' | 20-30' | |
| Pinus strobiformus | Southwestern White Pine | A fast grower with blue-green needles and attactive grayish bark. | 4-8 | 60' | 20' | |
| Pinus sylvestris | Scotch Pine | A tough and adaptable tree, which offers a blue tint as opposed to the green of other Pines. | 3-7 | 50+' | 30' | yes |
| Pinus taeda | Loblolly Pine | Takes moist and dry soil conditions. Lower limbs shed with age leaving room for under-story plants. | 6-10 | 80-100' | 30-50' | |
| Pistacia chinensis | Chinese Pistache (Std, M-S) | Extremely tough tree that grows in most any condition. Takes hot dry winds. Will color consistently on individual trees but color varies across species. | 6-9 | 20-40' | 20-30' | yes |
| Platanus occidentalis | Sycamore (Std, M-S) | Native to river bottoms. Tolerates wide range of soils but needs moisture. Anthracnose can defoliate if continually wet during spring. | 3-10 | 75' | 60' | yes |
| Platanus occidentalis 'Glabrata' | Smooth Sycamore | This tree is chosen for its tolerance of more alkaline soils. Leaf surface lacks the fine hairs of Platanus occidentalis; thus, the common name. | 5-9 | 80-100' | 60' | yes |
| Platanus x acerifolia 'Bloodgood' | Bloodgood London Planetree (Std, M-S) | Native to river bottoms. Tolerates wide range of soils; however, needs moisture. Anthracnose resistant. | 5-10 | 50' | 40' | yes |
| Populus deltoides 'Siouxland' | Siouxland Eastern Cottonwood | Native to river bottoms. Needs moisture and is a quick grower. Great sound effect when leaves rustle in wind. | 2-9 | 90' | 50' | yes |
| Prunus caroliniana | Carolina Cherry Laurel (Tree Form) | A nice broad-leaf evergreen with no spines on the leaf so they are soft and flexible. Grows in most conditions but not for hot and dry locations. | 7-10 | 35' | 25' | |
| Prunus padus 'DTR 117' | Summer Glow Bird Cherry | Compact and adaptable to urban sites. Excellent for attracting birds. | 4-7 | 25' | 20' | yes |
| Prunus serrulata 'Kwanzan' | Kwanzan Flowering Cherry | Unlike other ornamental cherry trees, the leaves of the Kwanzan cherry begin to grow while the tree is still in bloom. It is also the hardiest ornamental Cherry Tree and its bark is somewhat glossy. | 5-8 | 15-25' | 15-20' | |
| Prunus virginiana | Canada Red Chokecherry (Std, Clump) | A great replacement for Purple Leafed Plum's summer foliage color but lives twice as long. Tends to sucker but has a remarkable site tolerance for this widely adaptive Cherry. | 2-8 | 25' | 20' | |
| Pyrus calleryana 'Aristocrat' | Aristocrat Pear | Wide branch angles and open form reduces wind damage potential. | 4-9 | 40' | 28' | yes |
| Pyrus calleryana 'Capital' | Capital Pear | Upright form reduces wind damage potential. | 5-9 | 35' | 12' | yes |
| Pyrus calleryana 'Cleveland Select' | Cleveland Select Pear | Upright form reduces wind damage potential. | 4-9 | 40' | 15-20' | |
| Pyrus calleryana 'Redspire' | Redspire Pear | Smaller and narrower than the Bradford Pear with more red fall color. Good branch angles produce structural strength. | 4-9 | 35' | 25' | |
| Pyrus fauriei 'Westwood' | Korean Sun Pear | Great fall color in a compact size. More hardy than Pyrus calleryana but with the same features. | 4-8 | 12' | 15' | yes |
| Quercus acutissima | Sawtooth Oak (Std, M-S) | Adaptable to a wide range of soil types, moisture conditions and temperature ranges. | 4-9 | 55' | 40' | |
| Quercus alba | White Oak | Rounded with red fall color. Slow growing until established. Resistant to powdery mildew. | 4-9 | 45' | 45' | |
| Quercus alba x Q. robur 'Crimschmidt' | Crimson Spire Oak | English Oak parentage provides fastigiated habit and White Oak provides dark green leaves with mildew resistance. | 5-9 | 45' | 15' | |
| Quercus bicolor | Swamp White Oak (Std, Clump) | This tree is well adapted to poorly drained sites. It has large lustrous leaves. Tolerates compacted soils. | 4-9 | 90' | 45' | |
| Quercus coccinea | Scarlet Oak | May display the finest fall color of the Oaks. Less tolerant than Northern Red Oak of adverse conditions. | 4-8 | 70' | 50' | |
| Quercus falcata 'Pagodolia' | Cherrybark Oak | Tolerates poor soils and even periods of heavy, wet clay. Drought tolerant. | 4-9 | 70' | 55' | yes |
| Quercus frainetto 'Schmidt' | Forest Green Oak | Strong central leader with great summer foliage color. This tree is drought resistant and adaptable. | 5b- 7 | 50' | 30' | yes |
| Quercus fusiformis | Oklahoma Live Oak | Takes on a smaller form than Quercus virginiana but more cold hardy. | 6-9 | 30' | 25' | yes |
| Quercus lyrata | Overcup Oak | Uniform branching habit. Excellent for wetter sites. | 5-8 | 60' | 40' | |
| Quercus macrocarpa | Bur Oak (Std, Clump) | Does best in rich, well drained soils but very tolerant of hostile locations. Coarse texture. The pre-eminent Oak of the Great Plains. | 3-9 | 70' | 50' | |
| Quercus muehlenbergi | Chinquapin Oak | Native to dry limestone cliffs. Needs moderate to well drained soils. Takes alkaline soils. | 5-9 | 30-60' | 20-40' | |
| Quercus nigra | Water Oak (Std, Clump) | Semi-evergreen to evergreen in deep south. Easily transplanted and quite tolerant. | 6-10 | 80' | 55' | |
| Quercus 'Nuttallii' | Nuttall Oak | A great tree that is similar to Shumard Oak but needs lower pH soils. | 5-9 | 60' | 45' | |
| Quercus palustris | Pin Oak | A strong central leader with long, slender, horizontally layered branches. Rusty orange to red fall color. | 4-8 | 55' | 40' | |
| Quercus robur | English White Oak | Does best in rich, well drained soils but adaptable. Powdery mildew in high humidity areas with low air circulation. | 4-8 | 70' | 50' | |
| Quercus robur 'Fastigata' | Columnar English Oak | A big sturdy tree, its size gives it character. It is quite adaptable to various soils and climates. Spread may vary due to seedling nature. | 5-8 | 50' | 10-20' | |
| Quercus robur 'Michround' | Westminster Globe Oak | This round tree has a nice symmetrical development. Good for large lawns, parks or campus-like settings. | 5-8 | 45' | 45' | yes |
| Quercus robur 'Pyramich' | Skymaster Oak | Strong central leader with wide crotch angles. Good street tree, won't get as wide as other Oaks. | 5-8 | 50' | 25' | |
| Quercus robur 'Skyrocket Oak' | Skyrocket Oak | A uniform, narrow shape, perfect for street plantings. Stays tighter in form than the typical fastigiata English Oak. | 5-8 | 45' | 15' | |
| Quercus robur x 'Asjes' | Rosehill Oak | Upright form with resistance to powdery mildew. | 4-8 | 40' | 20' | |
| Quercus robur x bicolor F3 | Upright English Oak | Similar to Q. 'Fastigiata' with leaves that move characteristic of Q. bicolor. | 5 | 50' | 20-40' | yes |
| Quercus robur x bicolor 'Long' | Regal Prince Oak | Columnar in form, this cross between English and Swamp White Oak is a very adaptable tree. | 4 | 45' | 18' | |
| Quercus rubra | Northern Red Oak (Std, M-S) | This large-scale tree is tolerant of many urban conditions. Does best in deep, moist and well-drained soils. Great fall color! | 3-8 | 90' | 60' | |
| Quercus shumardii | Shumard Oak (Std, Clump) | Another large scale Oak that is tolerant of urban conditions. Very broad range for this adaptive and tough Oak. | 5-9 | 90' | 50' | |
| Quercus virginiana | Live Oak | A very large tree in the south with decreasing size in northern latitudes. Very tolerant of city conditions. | 7-10 | 40-80' | 60-100' | yes |
| Quercus x macdanielii | Heritage Oak | An interesting cross between English and Bur Oaks. Tough tree with a finer texture than Bur Oak. | 4-8 | 60-80' | 40-50' | |
| Rhamnus carolinianus | Indian Cherry (Carolina Buckthorn) | Great supple foliage with purple-black berries. Leaves look rich and healthy in the heat of late summer when others tend to fade. | 4-8 | 25' | 15' | |
| Rhamnus frangula 'Asplenifolia' clump | Fernleaf Buckthorn Clump | Long and narrow leaves give a fern-like, delicate appearance. | 3-8 | 10' | 8' | yes |
| Rhamnus frangula 'Columnaris' | Columnar Buckthorn | A large shrub that can be used as a hedge plant. | 3-8 | 12' | 4' | |
| Robinia pseudoacacia 'Purple Robe' | Purple Robe Black Locust | A tough, fast growing tree. Covered in purple, grape-like flower clusters in May. Can be short lived. Beautiful! | 3-10 | 40' | 30' | |
| Salix alba 'Tristis' | Niobe Weeping Willow | Golden branches are showy in winter. Tough, adaptable and likes wet locations. | 3-10 | 40' | 60' | |
| Salix matsudana umbraculifera | Globe Willow | A tough tree that is adaptable to a wide range of conditions, even hot and dry. Upright branches. | 4-10 | 50' | 50' | yes |
| Salix 'Prairie Cascade' | Prairie Cascade Weeping Willow | A Modern arboretum research selection for cold hardiness with nice, dark-green foliage and a weeping habit. | 3-10 | 30' | 40' | yes |
| Sapindus drummondii | Western Soapberry | A very tough native tree to the southern prairie states. Does well in poor and disturbed soils. | 5-9 | 35' | 25' | |
| Sophora affinis | Eve's Necklace | A multi-trunk shrub or small tree with glossy, compound leaves. Pinkish-white flowers with yellow centers in Spring and bean-like pods | 7-9 | 25' | 15' | |
| Sophora japonica | Japanese Pagodatree | Tough where soils are fair to good; however, does not tolerate extremely poor soils. Nice flower show with age. | 4-9 | 40-80' | 20-40' | yes |
| Sophora japonica 'Millstone' | Millstone Pagodatree | Symmetrical and upsweeping branches produce a uniform habit. Nice flower show with age. | 5-9 | 45' | 35' | |
| Sophora japonica 'Regent' | Regent Pagodatree (Std, M-S) | A rapid grower with a straight trunk. Lustrous, compound leaves. Nice flower show with age. | 5-9 | 50' | 45' | yes |
| Syringa reticulata 'Ivory Silk' | Ivory Silk Japanese Lilac | Upright spreading, becoming round with plumes of small white flowers in the early summer. | 4-8 | 20' | 15' | |
| Taxodium ascendens | Pond Cypress | This Cypress has finer foliage than the Bald Cypress in an upright form, which makes a nice contrast between the species. | 6-10 | 60-80' | 20-30' | |
| Taxodium distichum | Bald Cypress (Std, Clump) | A deciduous conifer native to swampy areas that is also very drought tolerant. Soft, fern-like foliage. | 5-10 | 60-100' | 40-80' | yes |
| Taxodium distichum 'Cascade Falls' | Weeping Bald Cypress | This is a rare and unique weeping form of the normally bolt-upright Bald Cypress. The branches weep in cascading falls of feathery, fine-textures leaves. | 4-11 | 12-15' | 10-12' | yes |
| Taxodium distichum 'Frio River' | Frio River Bald Cypress | The Frio River is a seed source from the Frio River in southwest Texas. This tree has a high alkalinity tolerance, unlike Taxodium distichum. | 4-11 | 50-70' | 25-35' | |
| Taxodium distichum 'Mickelson' | Shawnee Brave Bald Cypress | This tree will thrive in either wet or dry areas. This cultivar has improved mite resistance and upright branching. | 4-11 | 75' | 20' | |
| Tilia americana 'Boulevard' | Boulevard Linden | A good form for street plantings. Needs soils that are well drained, moist and acid to neutral soils. | 3-8 | 50' | 25' | yes |
| Tilia americana 'Harvest Gold' | Harvest Gold Linden | A hardy, fast growing pyramidal with bright golden yellow fall foliage in the fall. | 3-8 | 40' | 30' | |
| Tilia americana euchlora 'Redmond' | Redmond Linden | A fast growing, dense pyramidal with large leaves that have a coarser textured appearance. Yellowish fall color. | 3-8 | 40' | 30' | |
| Tilia cordata 'Baileyi' | Shamrock Linden | This tree is similar to Greenspire Linden but with stouter branching and a more open canopy. | 4-7 | 40' | 30' | |
| Tilia cordata 'Greenspire' | Greenspire Linden | A strong central leader with very uniform branch development. Performs best with good moisture and drainage. | 4-8 | 40' | 30' | |
| Ulmus | Elm Species | Elms are generally quick growing trees that produce nice shade in a relatively short period of time. Many of the species have been affected by pest problems, diminishing their life span. Consider an Elm that has good resistance to these problems. | ||||
| Tilia tommentosa 'Sterling' | Sterling Silver Linden | A vigorous growing tree that is resistant to Japanese beetles. Leaves are green with silver-gray undersurface. Fall color is yellow. | 5-8 | 45' | 35' | |
| Ulmus americana 'Jefferson' | Jefferson Elm | Deep green foilage and an upright vase shape. Disease tolerant with yellow fall color. | 4-8 | 70' | 50' | |
| Ulmus americana 'Patriot' | Patriot Elm | Upright with a narrow, vase shape featuring stiff ascending branches. Foilage is dark green with a yellow fall color. | 4-8 | 50' | 40' | |
| Ulmus americana 'Valley Forge' | Valley Forge American Elm | The most DED resistant of all American Elms. Adaptable to wide range of conditions. | 2-10 | 80-100' | 60-80' | |
| Ulmus crassifolia | Cedar Elm | A very tough tree with small, stiff and thick foliage. Great drought tolerance and grows well in very poor soils. | 6-10 | 60-80' | 40-50' | |
| Ulmus 'Frontier' | Frontier Elm | This Elm has red fall color and produces a uniform head in the nursery. | 5-9 | 40' | 30' | |
| Ulmus japonica x wilsoniana 'Morton' | Accolade Elm | A good substitute for the American Elm without the disease problems. Nice vase shape at early age. | 4-10 | 70' | 60' | |
| Ulmus 'Morton Glossy' | Triumph Elm | Nice foliage on this medium sized Elm. | 5-9 | 55' | 45' | |
| Ulmus 'Morton Stalwart' | Commendation Elm | Great tough Elm with somewhat of a central leader. | 5-9 | 60' | 50' | yes |
| Ulmus parvifolia | Lacebark Elm | A tough tree that is adaptable to a wide range of conditions, even hot and dry. Great bark interest; thus, it's namesake. | 5-10 | 50 | 35' | yes |
| Ulmus parvifolia 'Aurea' | Sunshine Lacebark Elm | Chartreuse leaves are exceptional when lit at night with mercury vapor lighting, causing the tree to "glow." | 6-10 | 45' | 45' | yes |
| Ulmus parvifolia 'Bosque' | Bosque Lacebark Elm | This Lacebark has a natural tendency to produce a central leader and pyramidal head at a young age. Very unique! | 6-10 | 40' | 25' | |
| Ulmus parvifolia 'Central Park' | Central Park Lacebark Elm | A slightly smaller cultivar with good branching structure that resists breakage during storms. Bright yellow fall color. | 5-10 | 40' | 30' | |
| Ulmus parvifolia 'Dynasty' | Dynasty Lacebark Elm | Tends to develop better fall color than is typical of the species. | 5-10 | 40' | 40' | |
| Ulmus parvifolia 'Emer I' | Athena Classic Lacebark Elm | Coarse and even branching structure make this selection one of the best Lacebark. | 5-10 | 30-40' | 35' | |
| Ulmus parvifolia 'Emer II' | Allee Elm | Great exfoliating bark is tan, orange, and grey. Susceptible to Elm leaf spot, causing partial defoliation in summer. | 5-10 | 50' | 35' | |
| Ulmus propinqua 'JFS-Bieberich' | Emerald Sunshine Elm | Disease and insect resistant, this upright growing elm is fast growing, tought and adaptable. Heat tolerant and drought resistant with yellow fall color. | 5-10 | 35' | 25' | |
| Ulmus wilsoniana 'Prospector' | Prospector Elm | A selected seedling of this Asian Elm, with a wider vase shape than American Elm, is resistant to phloem necrosis and DED. | 4-9 | 40' | 30' | |
| Vitex agnus-castus 'Shoal Creek' | Shoal Creek Chaste Tree | Superior selection of a large shrub/small tree selection. Excellent flower characteristics but little in the way of fall color. | 6-9 | 9-15' | 9-15' | yes |
| Wisteria floribunda 'Macrobotrys' | Macrobotrys Japanese Wisteria | This vine produces up to 3 feet long, violet racemes, which are very fragrant. It is hard to top this flower show! | 5-9 | 30' | Varies | yes |
| Zelkova serrata | Japanese Zelkova | A tough tree that tolerates a wide range of growing conditions with moderate drought tolerance. | 4-8 | 60' | 50' | yes |
| Zelkova serrata 'Green Vase' | Green Vase Zelkova | Nice upright form that produces dappled shade with its finer textured foliage. | 5-8 | 50' | 40' | yes |
| Zelkova serrata 'Musashino' | Musashino Zelkova | A great street tree where space is tight with the standard toughness of a Zelkova. | 5-8 | 45' | 20' | |
| Zelkova serrata 'Schmidtlow' | Wireless Zelkova | This selection is chosen for its spreading character and is ideal for use under power lines. | 5-8 | 24' | 36' | yes |
| Zelkova serrata 'Village Green' | Village Green Zelkova | A dependable tree with dark green foliage. Is a fast growing cultivar. | 5-8 | 40' | 38' | yes |